Learning Greek language

[maria_gr]

So I'll correct some things ok? If you know something better you can always say it, as Greek american you probably know better the correspondence of greek and english letters, i don't.

Edit: Check them and tell me if they're ok. 1, 2

P.S. I'm not a teacher

[Zvezda]

Originally Posted by ELLADITSA@MAC.COM

no G is not the sound of τζ its totaly different and J too like in the word joker. the greeks in Greece say tzok ehr they can't say the sound of J so how do you teach it.?

Obviously you have not been to Crete

[32092]

how do u write The Odyssey in greek????

[lalabel]

The Odyssey =>H Οδύσσεια

[xiurell]

Unos cuantos ejercicios más σε παρακαλώ

1. Ven al micrófono, Andreas, por favor // Έλα στο μικρόφωνο, Αντρέα, σε παρακαλώ
2. Por supuesto, lo sé, trabajáis // Βέβαια, το ξέρω, δουλεύετε.
3. El abuelo sonríe porque ve a los niños // Ο παππούς χαμογελά γιατί βλέπει τα παιδιά
4. Doy un paseo cada fin semana // Πηγαίνω περίπατο κάφε Σάββατοκύριακο
5. El Olimpo es muy alto // Ο Όλυμπος είναι πολύς ψηλός
6. ¿Te gusta el ski? // Σ' αρέσει το σκι
7. Esto era muy interesante // Αυτό ήταν πολύ ενδιαφέρον
8. Mi amiga, María, canta muy bien, tiene buena voz // Η φίλη μου, η Μαρία, τραγουδά πολύ καλά, έχει καλή φωνή.
9. ¿Por qué no nos cantas?, ¿Por qué no cantamos aquí? // Γιατί δεν μας τραγουδάς; Γιατί δεν τραγουδούμε εδώ;
10. Todavía no saben griego bien // Δεν ξέρουν καλά ελληνικά ακόμα.
11. Canto en casa, no aquí, delante del micrófono // Τραγουδώ στο σπίτι, όχι εδώ, μπροστά στο μικρόφωνο.
12. ¿Qué disco es? Algunas canciones nuevas // Τι δίσκος είναι; Μερικά νέα τραγούδια.
13. Venden discos en una tienda en frente de la oficina de correos, en la calle Kritis. // Πουλούν δίσκους σ' ένα μαγαζί απέναντι στο ταχυδρομείο, στην οδό Κρήτης.
14. Los niños ríen y cantan // Τα παιδιά γελούν και τραγουδούν
15. compro sellos en la oficina de correos // Αγοράζω γραμματόσημα από το ταχυδρομείο
16. Nico vende su coche a Pedro. ¿Por qué lo vende? Porque quiere dinero
Ο Νίκος πουλά το αυτοκίνητό του στον Πέτρο. Γιατί το πουλά; Το πουλά γιατί θέλει χρήματα.

P.D. ¿son correctas las frases siguientes?

Κάνει πολύ κρύο, (hace mucho frío)
κάνει πολλή ζέστη, (hace mucho calor)
κάνει πολύς ήλιο (ο ήλιος είναι πολύς) (Hace mucho sol)

¿Como se diría hace mucho viento?

Σ' ευχαριστώ

[lalabel]

Las frases son mas o menos correctas-hay dos errores

4.Πηγαίνω περίπατο για καφέ το Σαββατοκύριακο
5.Ο Όλυμπος είναι πολύ ψηλός

'Εχει πολύ αέρα-Έχει πολύ άνεμο=Hace mucho viento

De nada,Χiuriel,buenas dias,chao

[maria_gr]

Bravo lalbel but there are few things that they're not totally correct.
1) For example we dont say kanei poly hlio, but exei poly hlio. In the other phrases the verb kanw is not mistake but you can say too exei poly kruo/zesth etc. About the phrase hace mucho viento, lalabel is right, but you could also say fysaei poly.
2) en frente de means apenanti apo.
3) Actually i dont think that is mistake but its better if you say tragoudame & poulane.

Filia

[xiurell]

Σας ευχαριστώ πάρα πολύ Μαρία και Lalabel

By the way, λοιπόν, έχει πολύ ήλιο εδώ

[MeaVoluptas]

Originally Posted by maria_gr

Φωτεινή: Γεια σου!=Hello!
Γιώργος: Γεια σου!=Hello!
Φωτεινή: Πώς είσαι;=How are you?
Γιώργος: Είμαι καλά/μια χαρά, εσύ πώς είσαι;=I'm well/i'm fine, and you?
Φωτεινή: Κι εγώ καλά είμαι.=I'm well too.
Γιώργος: Πώς σε λένε;=What's your name?
Φωτεινή: Με λένε Φωτεινή, εσένα;=My name is Fotini, yours?
Γιώργος: Εμένα με λένε Γιώργο. Χάρηκα πολύ για τη γνωριμία!=My name is Giorgos. Nice to meet you!
Φωτεινή: Κι εγώ.=(Nice to meet you) too.
Γιώργος: Πόσων ετών είσαι;=How old are you?
Φωτεινή: Είμαι είκοσι, εσύ;=I'm twenty, you?
Γιώργος: Εγώ είμαι είκοσι ενός.=I'm twenty one.
Φωτεινή: Λοιπόν, χάρηκα που τα είπαμε.=So, i'm glad we talk.
Γιώργος: Κι εγώ.=Me too
Φωτεινή: Τα λέμε...=See you...
Γιώργος: Βεβαίως!=Sure!
Φωτεινή: Αντίο/γεια.=Bye.
Γιώργος: Αντίο/γεια.=Bye.

If you need something more tell me.

thankyou

can you write how i pronounce those words as well?

[maria_gr]

Originally Posted by MeaVoluptas

thankyou

can you write how i pronounce those words as well?

Fotini: Yia su!=Hello!
Yiorgos: Yia su!=Hello!
Fotini: Pos ise?=How are you?
Yiorgos: Ime kala/mia hara, esi pos ise?;=I'm well/i'm fine, and you?
Fotini: Ki ego kala ime.=I'm well too.
Yiorgos: Pos se lene?=What's your name?
Fotini: Me lene Fotini, esena?=My name is Fotini, yours?
Yiorgos: Emena me lene Yiorgo. Harika poli yia ti gnorimia!=My name is Giorgos. Nice to meet you!
Fotini: Ki ego.=(Nice to meet you) too.
Yiorgos: Poson eton ise?=How old are you?
Fotini: Ime ikosi,esi?=I'm twenty, you?
Yiorgos: Ego ime ikosi enos.=I'm twenty one.
Fotini: Lipon, harika pu ta ipame.=So, i'm glad we talk.
Yiorgos: Ki ego.=Me too
Fotini: Ta leme...=See you...
Yiorgos: Veveos!=Sure!
Fotini: Adio/yia.=Bye.
Yiorgos: Adio/yia.=Bye.

[cr4zy_gr33k_guy]

Originally Posted by lesenna

And why does greek have many "i" sounds?
I don't know when i can use íta, iota, ípsilon and the combinations ει, οι and υι... In which situations we can use each "i"?

Well, i don't really know why greek have so many "i" sounds. It doesn't only confuse you, but also many greeks. I was confused too when I was younger. You just have to learn the language to understand when to use each "i" letter. Then you just have to get used to each word and its letters.

[maria_gr]

It's not only that, the matter of verbs is huge so it will come in parts!

VERBS

Verbs are words which indicate that the subject is doing or suffering smth or it is in a certain state.

With the verbs we create phrases which have a meaning and they are called sentences. In each sentence except of the verb there is also a noun or other word with the meaning of a noun, which indicates for what we talk about. In the sentence: η μητέρα κεντά (=mother embroiders), the word μητέρα indicates that sb is doing smth. In the sentence: το δέντρο ξεριζώθηκε (=the tree weeded out), the word δέντρο indicates that sb suffered smth. In the sentence: η γάτα κοιμάται (=the cat is sleeping), the word γάτα indicates that sb is in a certain state.

So, person, thing or animal that we talk about it, is called subject.

DISPOSITIONS AND VOICES

Dispositions

Disposition is called the sense in which the verb is used (activity, experience, state).
The dispositions of the verb are four, active, passive, middle and neutral.
The verbs which indicate that the subject performs an action, they have [b]active disposition[b].
- Τα παιδιά παίζουν (=Kids are playing)
The verbs which indicate that the subject suffers (experiences) smth, namely it accepts an action from another one, they have passive disposition.
- Ο κάμπος φωτίστηκε από τον ήλιο (=The plain was illuminated by the sun)
The verbs which indicate that the subject acts and the action returns back and affects it, then they have middle disposition.
- Κάθε πρωί χτενίζομαι (=Every morning I brush my hair)
the verbs which indicate that the subject neither acts nor is affected by another, but it is in a particular state, they have neutral disposition.
- Το παιδί κοιμάται/πεινάει/διψάει/κάθεται (=the kid is sleeping/hungry/thirsty/sitting)

There are two kind of verbs: transitive and intransitive.
Transitive verbs are verbs whose action affects sb or smth else.
The person or thing which accepts the action is called object. Transitive verbs always have an object.
- Χτυπώ την πόρτα (=I knock the door)
Intransitive verbs are verbs whose action doesn’t affect sb or smth else. These verbs don’t have an object.

So verbs are divided in active, passive, middle and neutral and active verbs in transitive and intransitive.

Voices

δένω – δένεις – δένει, έδενα – έδενες – έδενε, θα δέσω, έχω δέσει
δένομαι – δένεσαι – δένεται, δενόμουν – δέθηκα – δέθηκες, θα δεθώ – έχω δεθεί

The verbs, like the other inflectional parts of speech, form many forms. Here we have two groups of forms, that we call them voices.
1. The amount of the verbal forms which have in the first person of singular of present tense of indicative the ending -ω is called active voice.
The verbs δένω, ακούω, γελώ are of active voice.

2. The amount of the verbal forms which have in the first person of singular of present tense of indicative the ending -μαι is called passive voice
The verbs δένομαι, ακούγομαι, χτυπιέμαι are of passive voice.

Usually the verbs with active disposition follow the active voice, and verbs with passive disposition the passive voice.
The neutral verbs sometimes follow the active and some others the passive voice.
Many verbs have both voices: ακούω – ακούγομαι.
But there are verbs which function only in one voice: ζω, ξυπνώ, γερνώ, τρέχω – έρχομαι, φαίνομαι, χρειάζομαι.

Moods

Έγραψα την έκθεση.
Ας γράψουμε την έκθεση.
Γράψε την έκθεση.

When we say: έγραψα την έκθεση, we talk about smth that happened, about smth real. If we say, ας γράψουμε την έκθεση, we show that we want to do smth. On the other hand, if we say γράψε στην έκθεση, we command. In each sentence we notice that the verb has different forms.

The forms that the verb takes in order to show how we want to present its meaning are called moods.

The moods are three: indicative, subjunctive and imperative.
1. Indicative shows that the verb means smth sure and real.
2. Subjunctive shows that the verb means that we want or expect to do smth.
3. Imperaive shows that the verb means command, desire, wish.
Like moods we also count infinitive and participle.
4. Infinitive is indeclinable form of the verb and it serves in order to form some tenses of the verb. Infinitive exists in both voices, active and passive.
5. Participle is also formed in both voices. In active voice is formed by present tense and it’s indeclinable. In passive voice is formed by the present tense or the present perfect tense and it’s declinable with three genders.
Infinitive and participle are called impersonal moods, cause they dont have different forms for other persons.

Tenses of the verb

δένω (now)
έδενα (past)
θα δέσω (future)

As we see, there are different verbal forms which denote when happens smth. These forms are called tenses.
There are three kind of tenses: a) present, b) past and c) future.

THE MEANING OF THE TENSES IN INDICATIVE

A. Present tenses

Present tenses are present and present perfect.
1. Present denotes smth that is happening right now or smth that is repeating.
2. Present perfect denotes that smth happened in the past and has just stopped now.

B. Past tenses

Past tenses are imperfect, past and past perfect.
3. Imperfect denotes that smth was happening in the past persistently and with repetition.
4. Past denotes that smth happened in the past.
5. Past perfect denotes that smth happened and ended in the past before smth else happened.

C. Future tenses

Future tenses are future continuous, (instant) future and future perfect.
6. Future continuous denotes that smth will happen without pause.
7. (Instant) future denotes that smth will happen in the future without repetition.
8. Future perfect denotes that smth will end in the future after smth else happens first.

So, we can also see the tenses in a different way…
a) continuous tenses: present, imperfect, future continuous.
b) instant tenses: past, (instant) futute.
c) perfect tense: present perfect, past perfect, future perfect.

Monolectic (of one word) and periphrastic tenses

From the tenses of the verb some are formed in one word and they are called monolectic and others with two or three words and they are called periphrastic.

1. The monolectic tenses are three:
Present (δένω)
Imperfect (έδενα)
Past (έδεσα)
2. The periphrastic tenses are five:
Future continuous (θα δενω)
(Instant) future (θα δέσω)
Present perfect (έχω δέσει)
Past perfect (είχα δέσει)
Future perfect (θα έχω δέσει)

Future continuous is formed by the word θα + subjunctive of present.
(Instant) future is formed by the word θα + subjunctive of past.
Present perfect, past perfect and future perfect have two forms:
the first is formed with the verb έχω (είχα, θα έχω) + infinitive of past (δέσει, δεθεί),
the second is formed:
a) in active voice with the verb έχω (είχα, θα έχω) + participle of passive present perfect. (έχω δεμένο, -η, -ο, είχα δεμένο, -η, -ο, θα έχω δεμένο, -η, -ο)
b) in passive voice with the verb είμαι (ήμουν, θα είμαι) + participle of passive present perfect. (είμαι δεμένος, -η, -ο, ήμουν δεμένος, -η, -ο, θα είμαι δεμένος, -η, -ο)

The verbs έχω and είμαι, when they form periphrastic tenses are called auxiliary verbs.

[xiurell]

Let's practice the verbs είμαι and έχω in its past forms

1. Así pues, están aquí
Έτσι είναι εδώ
2. El domingo pasado estábamos en una fiesta
Την περασμένη Κυριακή, ήμαστε σ' ένα πάρτι. (*)
3. El verano pasado estaba en la costa
Το περασμένο καλοκαίρι ήμουν στη θάλασσα.
4. El cumpleaños de Pedro fue el 16 del pasado mes. dio una gran fiesta
τα γενέθλια του Πέτρου ήταν στις δεκαέξι του περασμένου μήνα. Είχε ένα μεγάλο πάρτι.
5. Discúlpanos, Pedro, no estuvimos en tu fiesta porque no teníamos coche esa noche
Μας συγχωρείς, Πέτρο, δεν ήμαστε στο πάρτι σου γιατί δεν είχαμε αυτοκίνητο την νύχτα εκείνη.
6. ¿Dónde estaba vuestro coche? Lo teníamos en el mecánico. ¿Por qué? ¿qué tenía?
Πού ήταν το αυτοκίνητό σας; Το είχαμε στο γκαράζ. Γιατί, τι είχε;
7. El año pasado, en verano, estábamos muy lejos. Estamos en Europa
Πέρυσι το καλοκαίρι ήμαστε πολύ μακριά. Ήμαστε στην Ευρώπη.
8. ¿En Europa? ¿En qué parte? En muchas partes. En París, en Londres, en Roma
Στην Ευρώπη; Σε ποιο μέρος; Σε πολλά μέρη. Στο Παρίσι , στο Λονδίνο, στη Ρώμη.
9. Mi marido tiene trabajo este año, y por lo tanto, estamos aquí
Ο άντρας μου έχει δουλειά εφέτος, και έτσι είμαστε εδώ.
10. Tenías los niños enfermos con fiebre y dolor de muelas y por eso no estabas en la fiesta
Είχες άρρωστα τα παιδιά με πυρετό και πονόδοντο, και έτσι δεν ήσουν στο πάρτι.
11. Hoy me encuentro un poco mal, estoy resfriado, dolor de cabeza y un poco de fiebre
Είμαι λίγο άρρωστος σήμερα, έχω κρυολόγημα, πονοκέφαλο και λίγο πυρετό.
12. Hace 3 horas estábamos en tu casa, ahora estamos aquí
Πριν τρεις ώρες ήμαστε στο σπίτι σου, τώρα είμαστε εδώ (*)

(*) ¿no suena igual ήμαστε y είμαστε? ¿cómo se distinguen? ¿por el contexto?

Σ' ευχαριστώ πολύ

[maria_gr]

Bravo, todo es correcto!

Originally Posted by xiurell

(*) ¿no suena igual ήμαστε y είμαστε? ¿cómo se distinguen? ¿por el contexto?

Hmm en el primer caso digiste “el domingo pasado”, en el segundo caso digiste “ahora”, entonces podemos entender para que hablas. Y no se por que, pero nosotros (griegos) decimos ήμασταν, mientras todas las gramaticas dicen que el correcto es ήμαστε lol

[maria_gr]

FORMATION OF SUBJUNCTIVE AND IMPERATIVE

1. Subjunctive has present, past and present perfect. It is formed placing in front one of the words ας, να or για να, όταν, αν, μη.
2. Imperative has present, past and rarely present perfect. In passive voice (past tense) it has different forms, monolectic. In present tense monolectic forms are rare, the types that are missing are substituted by the subjunctive and they take the word ας (να): ας γράφει, να είναι γραμμένο. Imperative has only two persons, second and third. The third person doesn’t have monolectic form and it is substituted by the subjunctive: ας γράφει or να γράφει.

Stem, ending and character

Indicative

PRESENT

πληρώνω
πληρώνεις
πληρώνει
πληρώνουμε
πληρώνετε
πληρώνουν

PAST

Active voice

πλήρωσα
πλήρωσες
πλήρωσε
πλήρωσαμε
πλήρωσατε
πλήρωσαν

Passive voice

πληρώθηκα
πληρώθηκες
πληρώθηκε
πληρώθηκαμε
πληρώθηκατε
πληρώθηκαν

1. When we conjugate the verbs a part of them, the first one, doesn’t change and it’s called stem: πληρων-, πληρωσ-, πληρωθ-. Another part of them changes and it’s called ending: -ω, -εις, -ει etc.
2. The stems of the verbs are two: a) the present and b) the past (stem of active past and stem of passive past). The present stem of the verb πληρώνω for instance is πληρων-, the active past stem is πληρωσ- and the passive past stem is πληρωθ-.
The last sound of the present or past stem is called present or past character.
On the stems πληρων-, πληρωσ-, πληρωθ-, characters are ν, σ, θ.

Stem and tenses

The stem is vital for the formation of the tenses.
a) From the present stem all the continuous tenses are formed, these are present tense, imperfect tense and future continuous:

Indicative
Present: (active) λύνω – (passive) λύνομαι
Imperfect: (active) έλυνα – (passive) λυνόμουν
Future continuous: (active) θα λύνω – (passive) θα λύνομαι
Subjunctive
Present: (active) να λύνω – (passive) να λύνομαι
Imperative
Present: (active) λύνε - (passive) λύvου
Participle: (active) λύνοντας - (passive) --------

b) From the stem of the active past tense are formed the instant tenses of the active voice, these are past tense, future tense, the infinitive of the active voice:

Indicative
Past: (active) έλυσα
Future: (active) θα λύσω
Subjunctive
Past: (active) να λύσω
Imperative
Past: (active) λύσε
Infinitive: (active) λύσει

c) From the stem of the passive past tense are formed the instant tenses of the passive voice and the passive infinitive.
Indicative
Past: (passive) λύθηκα
Future: (passive) θα λυθώ
Subjunctive
Past: (passive) να λυθώ
Imperative
Past: (passive) λυθείτε [2nd person of plural]*
Infinitive: (passive) δεθεί

* The first is λύσου, different stem.

Presnt and Past tenses are called initial tenses because all the other tenses are formed by their stem.

Auxesis

1. All the verbs which begin with a consonant take in front of the stem (in imperfect and past of indicative) one –ε, this –ε is called auxesis. Somehow some verbs take an –η as auxesis.
πίνω, έπινα, ήπια
ξέρω, ήξερα
θέλω, ήθελα
2. All the verbs which begin with a vowel doesn’t take auxesis, but they keep the vowel in all the tenses. The following verbs are excluded:
έχω, είχα
έρχομαι, ήρθα
είμαι, ήμουν

Inner auxesis

Some compound verbs with adverb like πολύ, παρά, καλά etc. take the accented auxesis between the adverb and the verb. This is called inner auxesis.
δεν τον πολύήξερα
Some verbs compound with prepositions take inner auxesis as well.
The most common are: εκφράζω – εξέφραζα, εγκρίνω – ενέκρινα, ενδιαφέρω - ενδιέφερα, εμπνέω - ενέπνεα, συμβαίνει – συνέβη.

ORTHOGRAPHY:
We write with –η the following: ήρθα, ήμουν, ήθελα, ήξερα, ήβρα, ήπια.
We write with –ει the following: είδα, είπα, είχα.

Auxiliary verbs

In order to form the periphrastic tenses we use:

1. the future word θα for the future tenses.
2. the auxiliary verb έχω and είμαι for the perfect tenses.





TO BE CONTINUED

[sweety_09]

maria mou,thanks for all these lessons.they are very useful for me and help me a lotYou are a very good teacher.thanks once again