THE PLURAL SUFFİX “-lAr” “-lAr” shows indefinite plurality. The difference between –lar and –ler is due to vowel harmony. Suffixes having this kind of vowel harmony will have the vowel “e” after any front vowel “e, i, ö, ü”, and the vowel “a” after any back vowel “a, ı, o, u”.
If a number is used in front of the noun, the noun is used in the singular. “-lAr” isn’t used:
üç çocuk (three children)
iki kız (two girls)
VAR(DIR) ; THERE IS, THERE ARE
Vardır (var) there is, there are
Var mıdır (var mı) is there, are there
Yoktur (yok) there isn’t, there aren’t
Yok mudur (yok mu) isn’t there, aren’t there
• Burada bir okul var(dır). (There’s a school here.)
• Evde ekmek yok. (There isn’t any bread at home.)
• Okulda öğrenci var mı(dır)? (Is there any student at school?)
• Evde ekmek yok mu? (Isn’t there any bread at home?)
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Ben I Ben bir öğrenciyim. (I’m a student.)
Sen You Sen bir öğrencisin. (You’re a student.)
O he/she/it O bir öğrenci(dir). (he/she is a student.)
Biz We Biz öğrencileriz. (we’re students.)
Siz You Siz öğrencilersiniz. (you’re students.)
Onlar They Onlar öğrencidirler. (they’re students.)
DECLENSİON OF NOUNS There are mainly 6 cases in Turkish: nominative, dative, accusative (objective), locative, ablative, genitive. Here are the pronouns in these different 6 cases:
Nominative Case (subject)
Above six sentences are examples of nominative case of the pronouns.
Dative Case (to)
Bana to me Kitabı bana verir. (she gives the book to me.)
Sana to you Kitabı sana verir. (she gives the book to you.)
Ona to him/her/it Kitabı ona verir. (she gives the book to him/her/it.)
Bize to us Kitabı bize verir. (she gives the book to us.)
Size to you Kitabı size verir. (she gives the book to you.)
Onlara to them Kitabı onlara verir. (she gives the book to them.)
Accusative Case
Beni me Beni görüyor mu? (Does he see me?)
Seni you Seni görüyor mu? (does he see you?)
Onu him/her/it Onu görüyor mu? (does he see him/her/it?)
Bizi us Bizi görüyor mu? (does he see us?)
Sizi you Sizi görüyor mu? (does he see you?)
Onları them Onları görüyor mu? (does he see them?)
Locative Case (at, on, in)
Bende at me Kitap bende. (The book is at me.)
Sende at you Kitap sende. (the book is at you.)
Onda at him/her/it Kitap onda. (the book is at him/her/it.)
Bizde at us Kitap bizde. (the book is at us.)
Sizde at you Kitap sizde. (the book is at you.)
Onlarda at them Kitap ınlarda. (the book is at them.)
*”at” is a literal translation, whereasual meaning is “with me”.
Ablative Case (from)
Benden from me Kitabı benden istiyor. (he wants the book from me.)
Senden from you Kitabı senden istiyor. (he wants the book from you.)
Ondan from him/her/it Kitabı ondan istiyor. (he wants the book from him/her/it.)
Bizden from us Kitabı bizden istiyor. (he wants the book from us.)
Sizden from you Kitabı sizden istiyor. (he wants the book from you.)
Onlardan from them Kitabı onlardan istiyor. (he wants the book from them.)
Genitive (possessive) Case (of)
Benim mine Bu benim . (this is mine.)
Senin yours Bu senin. (this is yours.)
Onun his/hers/its Bu onun. (this is his/hers/its.)
Bizim ours Bu bizim. (this is ours.)
Sizin yours Bu sizin. (this is yours.)
Onların theirs Bu onların. (this is theirs.)
IMPORTANT: possessive prononuns when used in the following manner, become possessive adjectives:
Benim aşk-ım (my love)
Senin aşk-ın (your love)
Onun aşk-ı (his/her love)
Bizim aşk-ımız (our love)
Sizin aşk-ınız (your love)
Onların aşk-ı (their love)
Affirmative Form (positive)
Ben-im I am
Sen-sin you are
O- (dur) he/she/it is
Biz-iz we are
Siz-siniz you are
Onlar-(dır) they are
• Ben (öğretmen) im. (I’m a teacher.)
• Sen (öğretmen) sin. (You’re a teacher.)
• O (öğretmen) dir. (He/she is a teacher. )
• Biz (öğretmen) iz. (We’re teachers.)
• Siz (öğretmen) siniz. (you’re teachers.)
• Onlar (öğretmen) dir(ler). (they’re teachers.)
***As you see, the noun comes between the pronoun and the personal suffix.
"-DIr” (to be) <=>according to the vowel harmony rule, the vowel is changed and appears as “-dır, -dir, -dur, -dür”. 1. If the preceeding syllable is “e” or “i”, the vowel in the verb “to be” will be “i”:
ev-dir (house)
iyi-dir (fine) 2. If the vowel in the preceeding syllable is “ö” or “ü”, the vowel will be “ü”:
Müdür-dür(director)
Otobüs-tür* (bus) 3. If the vowel in the preceeding syllable is “o” or “u”, the vowel will be “u”:
doktor-dur (doctor)
kuru-dur (dry) 4. If the vowel in the preceeding syllable is “a” or “ı”, the vowel will be “ı”:
Para-dır (Money)
Amerikalı-dır (american)
*The consonant “D” changes in some situations due to consonant harmony. If the noun’s ending consonant is a voiced consonant, the suffix will be “-dır”; but if the words ends with a voiceless consonant, it will be “-tIr”.
Voiced consonants: b, c, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v, y and all the vowels Voiceless consonants: ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, t, z
Negative form
Ben (öğrenci) değilim. I’m not a student.
Sen (öğrenci) değilsin. You’re not a student.
O (öğrenci) değil(dir). He/she is not a student.
Biz (öğrenci) değiliz. We are not students.
Siz (öğrenci) değilsiniz. You’re not students.
Onlar (öğrenci) değil(dir)ler. They’re not students. ***In order to form negative, the word “değil” is placed just before the verb-ending. In this case, the verb-ending is attached to “değil”.
Bu temiz bir lokanta değildir. (This is not a clean restaurant.)
Interrogative Form
Ben (öğretmen) miyim? Am I a teacher?
Sen (öğretmen) misin? Are you a teacher?
O (öğretmen) mi(dir)? Is she/he a teacher?
Biz (öğretmen) miyiz? Are we teachers?
Siz (öğretmen) misiniz? Are you teachers?
Onlar (öğretmen(ler) ) mi(dir)? Are they teachers?
Onlar (öğretmen) midir(ler)? Are they teachers?
Genitive suffix: “-(n)In” (-nın, -nin, -nun, -nün, -ın, -in, -un, -ün) >> suffix is “-In” in the words ending in consonants:
adam-ın (of the man) >>suffix is “-nIn” in the words ending in vowels:
oda-nın (of the room)
e.g oda-nın kapı-sı (the door of the room)
o-nun anne-si (his/her mother)
As you see, above examples are compounds.
QUESTION WORDS “NE” (WHAT) and “KİM” (WHO)
Ben ne-y*-im? What am I?
Sen ne-s*-in? What are you?
O ne(dir)? What is it?
Biz ne-y*-iz? What are we?
Siz nesiniz) What are you?
Onlar nelerdir? What are they?
*These letters are put between the vowels when the word takes a suffix. Because two vowels cannot come together in a word in Turkish, so these letters “y,ş,s,n” prevent this when the words take suffixes.
Ben kimim? Who am I?
Sen kimsin? Who are you?
O kim? Who is he/she?
Biz kimiz? Who are we?
Siz kimsiniz? Who are you?
Onlar kimler(dir)? Who are they?
__________________
" Haddeden geçmiş nezâket yâl ü bâl olmuş sana
Mey süzülmüş şîşeden ruhsar-ı âl olmuş sana "
Nedim
Last edited by bogazici86 : 08-01-2007 at 09:51 AM.
hmm, I see. "geceler" means "nights". but "gecelerce" means "for nights and nights". so the suffix "-ce" adds a meaning of a process and mainly emphasize that process.
But "-ce" can add one more different meaning to the word it's attached. for example "büyük-çe" (-ce turns into "-çe" because of consonant harmony) it means "somewhat large".
Thanks for the explanation. That must be one of the suffixes that has more than one meaning. I also found that it can turn nouns into adverbs.
Quote:
Originally Posted by alp_er
onda znas hrvatski?? dobro
i try to learn croatian...!! welcome here u can always ask about turkish
Well, I know Bosnian, but I can understand much Croatian.
Yes I am from Canada, but I was born in Bosnia, and lived in Croatia for a while too.
I've been interested in Turkey ever since I've become good friends with a guy from Turkey... a fascinating country.
Hi Saan,
I am Croatian and my fathers family are Bosnians (actually I am a good blend of ex Yugoslavia) but also has a bit of Irish from my mother's father. Welcome, I am also in love with Turkey and here are some very dear friends making Turkey as close as possible to me....
Tko zna - možda tu upoznaš hrpu novih i fenomenalnih ljudi za nastavak ionako lijepog prijateljstva sa Truskom....
...GUYS you did an excellent job - thanx so much....
I will now try to memorize all of what you gave in here and of course with "maybe" a help from Saan give you as much as I can about Croatian Language....
Crioatian is very difficult - and even though it sounds easy - if you do not learn it properly you might sound funny to Croatians 'cause without suffixes and genders etc. you will sound very funny speaking Croatian using only root of the word or only one gender for all occasions....
I'll do my best to give an example - thnx again !!!
Thanks Seda. I didn't knew that turkish has cases too. Oh my God I found myself from Scylla (Greek) to Haryvdi (Turkish)! . From the bad to worse...
__________________
Θα 'θελα να 'μουν ένα φωτεινό αστέρι
για να φωτίσω των ανθρώπων το σκοτάδι,
όταν με αίμα γεμίζουν το ένα χέρι
και με το άλλο το σταυρό κάνουν το βράδυ...
THE LETTER “Ğ”
The letter “Ğ” represents different sounds in different positions, and there is a good deal of dialectical difference within Turkey and even a difference between styles of speech by the same person, in the use of this group of sounds. The following explanation will help with the standard pronunciation:
1- When “ğ” occurs in a syllable with front unrounded vowels /i/ and /e/, the sound represented is /y/ (as in “Year”)
iğne /iyne/ needle
eğlenmek /eylenmek/ to have fun
diğer /diyer/ other
değil /deyil, diyil/ not equivalent
2- When it occurs in a syllable with front rounded or with back vowels, the sound differs in the final syllable and initial syllable positions:
a) In the final syllable position, the sound represented is merely a lengthening of the previous vowel: (I put a colon “ : ”next to the vowel that has lengthened)
düğme /dü:me/ button
öğrenmek /ö:renmek/ to learn
öğle /ö:le/ noon
b) In the initial syllable position, what is represented is simply a hiatus between the vowels (but pronunciated in a combined way like “aır, yourt, saa”) :
ağır /a-ır/ heavy, serious
yoğurt /yo-urt/ yoghurt
sağa /sa-a/ to the right
__________________
" Haddeden geçmiş nezâket yâl ü bâl olmuş sana
Mey süzülmüş şîşeden ruhsar-ı âl olmuş sana "
Nedim
Also, congratulations maria mou! You've become moderator!
You don't have to congratulate me. Congratulate yourself, cause I'm moderator now cause of you (and i mean all the people here). Without you I'm nothing...
__________________
Θα 'θελα να 'μουν ένα φωτεινό αστέρι
για να φωτίσω των ανθρώπων το σκοτάδι,
όταν με αίμα γεμίζουν το ένα χέρι
και με το άλλο το σταυρό κάνουν το βράδυ...
if you didn't help people, if you weren't a good person this much; you wouldn't be loved and be a moderator. you deserve appreciation angelia or angeli mou don't be modest S'agapoo
__________________
" Haddeden geçmiş nezâket yâl ü bâl olmuş sana
Mey süzülmüş şîşeden ruhsar-ı âl olmuş sana "
Nedim
if you didn't help people, if you weren't a good person this much; you wouldn't be loved and be a moderator. you deserve appreciation angelia or angeli mou don't be modest S'agapoo
Ok, ok I surrender! You know better.
Anyway thanks for everything, cause today your lessons are so interesting.
Ki egw s' agapw para poly.
__________________
Θα 'θελα να 'μουν ένα φωτεινό αστέρι
για να φωτίσω των ανθρώπων το σκοτάδι,
όταν με αίμα γεμίζουν το ένα χέρι
και με το άλλο το σταυρό κάνουν το βράδυ...
__________________
Θα 'θελα να 'μουν ένα φωτεινό αστέρι
για να φωτίσω των ανθρώπων το σκοτάδι,
όταν με αίμα γεμίζουν το ένα χέρι
και με το άλλο το σταυρό κάνουν το βράδυ...
__________________
Θα 'θελα να 'μουν ένα φωτεινό αστέρι
για να φωτίσω των ανθρώπων το σκοτάδι,
όταν με αίμα γεμίζουν το ένα χέρι
και με το άλλο το σταυρό κάνουν το βράδυ...
welcome here u can always ask about turkish
....teşekkür ederim
. From the bad to worse...