spanish grammar

VERBOS IRREGULARES EN EL PRESENTE

E > I

Third group
pedir -> pido
despedir -> despido
corregir -> corrijo
concebir -> concibo
seguir -> sigo
conseguir -> consigo
medir -> mido
repetir -> repito
reír -> rio
servir -> sirvo
vestir -> visto
derretir -> derrito
elegir -> elijo

Los Artículos

articulo definido

el (mas. sing)
la (fem. sing.)
los (mas. plural)
las (fem. plural)

a + el = al
de + el = del

Masculine words normaly end in -o so does the adjetives and concordate in genre and number

ex. el muro rojo] (the red wall)
el perro pequeño (the small dog

femenine word end in -a

la mesa roja (the red table)
la casa pequeña (the small house)

Some femenine nouns like agua(warter), alma (soul), hacha(axe) etc change the femenine article to the masculine to avoid the doble a but they are still in femenine

ex. el agua clara and not la agua clara
but in plural folow the general rule ex las aguas claras

All you are just perfect! Thank you soooo much!

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Spanish are used almost the same way as their English equivalents. However, the main difference is that in Spanish they do not need to be expressed since the verb itself will identify the subject.

Yo...............I ex. (yo) quiero estudiar-I want to study
tú................You ex. (tú) quieres estudiar- You want to study
él/ella.........He/She ex. (él/ella) quiere estudiar- he/she wants to study
Nosotros/Nosotras....We ex.(nosotros/nosotras) queremos estudiar
we want to study
vosotros/vosotras.....You ex. (vosotros/vosotras) queréis estudiar
you want to studi
ellos/ellas..................They ex (ellos/ellas) quieren estudiar
they want to study

usted(sing)/ustedes(plural)..... Formal you
ex usted/ustedes quiere/quieren estudiar - you want to study

Notice how in Spanish the verb ending identifies the subject, except when using a third person, in which case we have several possibilities. In those cases you will find that either the subject is identified through the use of the personal pronoun or name, or it has been identified in a previous sentence

xiurell, the info you gave was what I needed. and you explained well as other friends did. Thank you so much again. btw, How can I say "Thank you very much" in spanish?

"Thank you very much" "Muchas Gracias"

Thank you = Gracias
Much= Mucho
Very= Muy, Mucho

Shorty cuz of the meaning Muchas Gracias

Reflexive verbs show us that the subject of a sentence is also the object that is affected by the action.Reflexive verbs end with -se

Lavar=to wash(a car,etc)
Lavarse=to wash himself,herself,yourself,etc

yo me lavo = i wash myself,me
yo lavo mi carro= i wash my car

reflexive pronouns

me (for I)
te (for you)
se
se (for he,she,it)
se
nos (for we)
vos (for you-plural)
se
se (for they-both femine and masculine)
se (you-formal)

Muchas gracias Maria but why does "mucho" changes to "muchas" in "muchas gracias"?

Posessive adjectives
mi-s
tu_s
su_s (for he,she,it)
nuestro/nuestra-s
vuestro/vuestra-s
su_s (for they,both femine and masculine and for formal you)


Direct object pronouns
me
te
lo-la-le
nos
vos
los-las
los
las

Note= when we ask ''which,whom'' if we get answers,it is direct object pronoun

Fernando compra una casa / Fernando la compra ( una casa-femine word so it is ''la'', the pronoun is before the verb)

Gloria lee un libro / Gloria lo lee (un libro -masculine so the pronoun will be ''lo'')

Indirect object pronouns
me
te
le
nos
vos
les

Note= ''to whom'' and ''for whom'' give the answer

Fernando me compra un regalo (he bought it for me,to me) note that there are two objects in indirect obj pronouns contrary to direct object pronouns.

Gloria le compra un regalo (for him/her)

when we use both pronouns in one sentence,indirect object pronoun come first

Fernando lo le compra(lo-un regalo,Fernando bought it for him)
but as it is difficult to say lo le because of the pronounciation, we say ''Se'' instead of ''lo''

Fernando se le compra.

Hope these help friends

Originally Posted by bogazici86

Muchas gracias Maria but why does "mucho" changes to "muchas" in "muchas gracias"?

Hehe Seda mou, genders!!! Mucho is male, muchos is the plural of the male mucho, mucha is the female and muchas the plural.

exacly maria cuz to us Gracias is female

Merhaba Gözde

Most verbs in Spanish are both non-reflexive and reflexive. Their basic meaning does not change: the only difference is that when we use a verb with a reflexive pronoun, the subject does something to himself, whereas when we don’t use a reflexive pronoun, the subject does something to someone else.

Some verbs (very few) have a slight change of meaning depending on whether they are reflexive or not

Despedir (to fire) Despedirse (to say good bye)
-La empresa despidó a María (the company fired María)
-Juan se despide de María (Juan say good bye to María)

Hacer (to make) Hacerse(to become)
-Antonia quiere hacer una paella (Antonia wants to make a paella
-Antonia quere hacerse profesora (Antonia wants to become a teacher

Some verbs (very, very few) can only be reflexive
ex. quejarse (to complain)

Originally Posted by maria_gr

Hehe Seda mou, genders!!! Mucho is male, muchos is the plural of the male mucho, mucha is the female and muchas the plural.

Of course! Again "genders" matter! It always follows me Maria, you know it! But in spanish articles are more clear than in Greek, thankfully! Teşekkürler for your explanation canım, I've understood

Yessssssssss they are bogacizi86 I love spanish Italian Greek english I cant with german JIJIJI

Originally Posted by bogazici86

Of course! Again "genders" matter! It always follows me Maria, you know it! But in spanish articles are more clear than in Greek, thankfully! Teşekkürler for your explanation canım, I've understood

Yeah spanish is simple! As I said I learned spanish in 4 months. None can learn Greek so quickly. The genders are more simple in spanish cause you don't have to decline them. In Greek we have to do it! There are not cases and those things, thank GOD! I hate latin for coz of that!

I imagine German being hard to learn too...three different genders, four cases...I'm glad that I just KNOW how it works without having to learn it
In Latin I just guess around and it works quite well, hehe. Just passed my final exam.

Originally Posted by xiurell

Merhaba Gözde

Most verbs in Spanish are both non-reflexive and reflexive. Their basic meaning does not change: the only difference is that when we use a verb with a reflexive pronoun, the subject does something to himself, whereas when we don’t use a reflexive pronoun, the subject does something to someone else.

Some verbs (very few) have a slight change of meaning depending on whether they are reflexive or not

Despedir (to fire) Despedirse (to say good bye)
-La empresa despidó a María (the company fired María)
-Juan se despide de María (Juan say good bye to María)

Hacer (to make) Hacerse(to become)
-Antonia quiere hacer una paella (Antonia wants to make a paella
-Antonia quere hacerse profesora (Antonia wants to become a teacher

Some verbs (very, very few) can only be reflexive
ex. quejarse (to complain)

thanks again and again xiurell,my friend you always help me

Originally Posted by Luvya

I imagine German being hard to learn too...three different genders, four cases...I'm glad that I just KNOW how it works without having to learn it
In Latin I just guess around and it works quite well, hehe. Just passed my final exam.

Yeah like Greek three genders and four cases! But of course is my language and I don't have problems. Latin is easier than ancient Greek, but I don't like them and I have to do 2 hours per week in the university!

Originally Posted by maria_mx

Yessssssssss they are bogacizi86 I love spanish Italian Greek english I cant with german JIJIJI

German!!! Don't ask me it. Oh my God, it made me crazy. There are articles and they are arbitrary! And I have problems with the pronunciation People had said "German is easy if you know english." but nooo, never!