Bulgarian WorkBook

Thread: Bulgarian WorkBook

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  1. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    In Bulgarian there are three grammatical genders of the noun - masculine, feminine and neuter.


    ~~~~~~~~~
    I. Masculine

    Nouns that end in consonant are usually masculine:

    мъж (man)

    град (city/town)

    брат (brother)

    език (language/tongue)

    Exceptions:

    All nouns that mean male persons are masculine, regardless of their ending:

    1.Nouns that end in -a – баща (father).

    2.Nouns that end in -я – съдия (judge).

    3.Nouns that end in -o – татко (dad), дядо (grandfather), чичо (uncle).

    4.Nouns that end in -e – аташе (doesnt mean anything in english ).

    Some nouns that end in -и are also masculine – for example – the names of the months – януари (January), февруари (February), etc., because the word месец (month) is masculine.

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    II. Feminine

    Nouns that end in the vowels -a or -я are usually feminine:

    жена (woman)

    бира (beer)

    земя (earth)

    стая (room)

    идея (idea)

    Exceptions:

    Some nouns that end in consonants are feminine (usually abstract nouns) - вечер (evening), пролет (spring), младост (youth), радост (joy),любов (love),песен(song),нощ(night).

    A clue: Usually words containing more than one syllable and ending in -ост are feminine.

    ##############
    III.Neuter

    1.Nouns that end in -o are usually neuter - село (village), дърво (tree), писмо (letter).

    2. Nouns that end in -e are usually neuter - дете (child), море (sea), училище (school)

    3.Some nouns that end in -и, -у, -ю (usually foreign words in Bulgarian language) are also neuter - такси (taxi), бижу (jewel), меню (menu).


    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    !!! Bulgarians usually determine the gender of foreign words or names phonetically!!!

    For example, to order a beer in a restaurant you have to say:

    Една бира, моля (one beer please), using the feminine form of the number one (Scroll up to see numbers ), because the word beer in Bulgarian is in feminine gender. If you want to order a particular trade mark it should be:

    Една Каменица – feminine, because the word Kamenitza (Bulgarian trade mark) ends in 'a'

    Една Стела Артоа – feminine, because the word Stella ends in 'a'

    Един Хайнекен – masculine, because the word Heineken ends in consonant, etc.


    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    To summarize:

    In Bulgarian every noun has its gender. The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a living creature.

    Words like мъж (man), баща (father) and чичо (uncle) are masculine and words like жена (woman), майка (mother) and леля (aunt) are feminine.

    ......Unfortunately in the majority of the cases there is no way to predict the gender of the noun, using as a clue its meaning.
    For example the words of neuter gender are not only objects or animals. Words like момиче (girl), момче (boy), дете (child) are neuter gender.

    At the same time маса (table) is feminine and стол (chair) is masculine.

    So, the gender of every word you learn has to be memorized!!!!
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  2. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Dates:

    monday - понеделник

    tuesday - вторник

    wednesday - сряда

    thursday - четвъртък

    friday - петък

    saturday - събота

    sunday - неделя

    ~~~~~~~~~~~
    today - днес

    yesterday - вчера

    the day before yesterday - онзи

    tomorrow - утре

    everyday - всяка ден

    every other day -през ден

    ~~~~~~~~~~
    always - винаги
    usually - обикновено
    often -често
    sometimes- понякога
    rarely -рядко
    never -никога
    almost never -почти никога

    what day is it today? --> каква дата е днес?
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  3. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Dates:

    the months....

    Януари - January
    Февруари- February
    Март- March
    Април- April
    Май - May
    Юни - June
    Юли - July
    Август- August
    Септември - September
    Октомври - October
    Ноември - November
    Декември - December

    ~~~~~~~~~~
    the seasons...

    пролет- spring
    лято - summer
    есен -autumn
    зима - winter
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  4. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Time:

    what time is it? --> колко е часа?

    In bulgarian there are many ways in which to tell the time

    9 o'clock - девет часа е

    9:30 (half 9) - девет и половина (половина -half)
    ^^^ this is basically translated as 9 and half!

    or....

    9:40 (20 to 9) -девет и четиридесет/часат е девет и четидесет
    ^^^ basic translation 9 and 20/ the time is 9 and 20

    9:40 (20 to 9) could also be translated as 9 without 20, because 60 -20 =40 (yeep u need maths )
    which is....

    часат е девет без двадесет --> the time is 9 without 20. *без = without
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  5. tedinkyyy's Avatar

    tedinkyyy said:

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    часат е
    it's часЪт е
    Eins.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Zwei..hier kommt die Sonne
    Drei.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Vier
    Fünf
    Sechs
    Sieben..
    Acht..
    Neun.....
    Ich hab' keine Lust.
     
  6. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Quote Originally Posted by tedinkyyy View Post
    часат е
    it's часЪт е
    oooooooooooooo мерси теди
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  7. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    The Bulgarian verb “имам” means “to have”

    аз имам I have
    ти имаш you have
    той има he has
    тя има she has
    то има he/she/it has

    ние имаме we have
    вие имате you have
    те имат they have

    The form for 3rd person singular “има” is used in Bulgarian as an impersonal form with the following two meanings in English:

    there is

    there are

    Examples:

    Има книга на масата.

    There is a book on the table.

    Има много дървета в гората.

    There are many trees in the forest.

    Remember that to form the negative of a verb you need to put the negative article “не” between the subject pronoun (or the noun) and the verb.

    For example:

    той иска… he wants…
    той не иска… he doesn't want…
    тя е… she is…
    тя не е… she isn't…

    The negative of the verb “имам” is not formed this way. There is a verb in Bulgarian meaning “to do not have” – the verb “нямам”.

    аз нямам I don’t have any
    ти нямаш you don’t have any
    той няма he doesn’t have any
    тя няма she doesn’t have any
    то няма he/she/it doesn’t have any

    ние нямаме we don’t have any
    вие нямате you don’t have any
    те нямат they don’t have any
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  8. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Quote Originally Posted by LadyDiamond.дама диамант View Post
    The Bulgarian verb “имам” means “to have”

    аз имам I have
    ти имаш you have
    той има he has
    тя има she has
    то има he/she/it has

    ние имаме we have
    вие имате you have
    те имат they have

    The form for 3rd person singular “има” is used in Bulgarian as an impersonal form with the following two meanings in English:

    there is

    there are

    Examples:

    Има книга на масата.

    There is a book on the table.

    Има много дървета в гората.

    There are many trees in the forest.

    Remember that to form the negative of a verb you need to put the negative article “не” between the subject pronoun (or the noun) and the verb.

    For example:

    той иска… he wants…
    той не иска… he doesn't want…
    тя е… she is…
    тя не е… she isn't…

    The negative of the verb “имам” is not formed this way. There is a verb in Bulgarian meaning “to do not have” – the verb “нямам”.

    аз нямам I don’t have any
    ти нямаш you don’t have any
    той няма he doesn’t have any
    тя няма she doesn’t have any
    то няма he/she/it doesn’t have any

    ние нямаме we don’t have any
    вие нямате you don’t have any
    те нямат they don’t have any
    i'm not sure that this is right is it?
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  9. lopatka's Avatar

    lopatka said:

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    It is right.
    -----------

    Francе, Venezuela, Poland, Libya--> Франция, Венецуела, Полша, Либия
    Last edited by lopatka; 02-13-2010 at 01:36 PM.
    Ungir kallar, kátir kallar, gangiđ upp á gólv dansiđ lystilig!
     
  10. tedinkyyy's Avatar

    tedinkyyy said:

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    Poland - полися
    *Полша (be careful,that's the country of Adrian xD)

    France - ФранЦия
    *ЛибИя
    Eins.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Zwei..hier kommt die Sonne
    Drei.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Vier
    Fünf
    Sechs
    Sieben..
    Acht..
    Neun.....
    Ich hab' keine Lust.
     
  11. tedinkyyy's Avatar

    tedinkyyy said:

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    @ lopatka: упс,не видях,че си ги поправила
    Eins.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Zwei..hier kommt die Sonne
    Drei.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Vier
    Fünf
    Sechs
    Sieben..
    Acht..
    Neun.....
    Ich hab' keine Lust.
     
  12. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Quote Originally Posted by tedinkyyy View Post
    Poland - полися
    *Полша (be careful,that's the country of Adrian xD)

    France - ФранЦия
    *ЛибИя
    opps i tired
    ೋღ♥ღೋ...обичам България..Моите душа и сърце принадлежат на България. За мен България е най-хубавата страна на света...ೋღ♥ღೋ
     
  13. tedinkyyy's Avatar

    tedinkyyy said:

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    huni, as u asked me, all about the verb "imam" and "nqmam" is right
    Eins.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Zwei..hier kommt die Sonne
    Drei.. hier kommt die Sonne
    Vier
    Fünf
    Sechs
    Sieben..
    Acht..
    Neun.....
    Ich hab' keine Lust.
     
  14. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Quote Originally Posted by tedinkyyy View Post
    huni, as u asked me, all about the verb "imam" and "nqmam" is right
    oooooh ok to me it looks wrong

    can you give me some more verbs please Tedi?
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  15. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    In English, you can form a negative statement from an affirmative one:

    1.By using the auxiliary verb to do:

    You write a letter.

    You don’t write a letter.

    He studies Bulgarian.

    He doesn’t study Bulgarian.

    Or

    2.By adding the particle not:

    I am happy.

    I am not happy.

    She has lots of friends.

    She hasn’t got any friends.

    1

    In Bulgarian, to form a negative statement from an affirmative one it is necessary to put the negative particle “не” between the subject pronoun (or the noun) and the verb.

    Ти пишеш писмо. You write a letter.
    Ти не пишеш писмо. You don’t write a letter.

    Той учи български. He studies Bulgarian.
    Той не учи български. He doesn’t study Bulgarian.

    Аз съм щастлив. I am happy.
    Аз не съм щастлив. I am not happy.

    1

    When the answer to a question is negative, the word "no" usually appears twice.


    Искаш ли бира?

    Do you want a beer?

    Не, не искам.

    I don’t.

    Well, this example is not very realistic :-), but shows the scheme of forming the negative sentence in Bulgarian.

    1

    Here’s a list of some affirmative words and their negative counterparts:

    нещо something, anything нищо nothing
    някого somebody, anybody никого nobody, anybody
    някой somebody, anybody никой nobody, anybody
    някога sometimes никога never

    Examples:

    Знаеш ли нещо за Мария?

    Do you know anything about Maria?

    Не, не зная нищо.

    I don’t know anything.

    The difference between някой and някого (respectively никой and никого) is that някой and никой are used when they stand for a subject in the sentence. Някого and никого are used when they stand for a complement in the sentence.

    For example:

    Някой е оставил съобщение на телефонния секретар.

    Somebody has left a message on the answering machine.

    Някой (somebody) does the action, so it is the subject of the sentence.


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Никой не те е търсил докато беше навън.

    Nobody has asked for you while you were out.

    Никой (nobody) does the action, so it is the subject of the sentence.


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Ти познаваш ли някого в Англия?

    Do you know anybody in England.

    Ти (you) does the action, so it is the subject of the sentence. Някого (anybody) is a direct complement.


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Не, не познавам никого .

    I don’t know anybody.

    Аз (I) does the action, so it is the subject of the sentence. Никого (anybody) is a direct complement.

    1

    Attention: In English the double negatives are not acceptable.

    You don’t say:

    I don’t see nobody.

    but

    I don’t see anybody.


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In Bulgarian it is correct to say:

    Не виждам никого.

    I don't see anybody.

    Никога не съм бил в Япония.

    I have never been in Japan.


    is this right?
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  16. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    hair...
    черна - black
    червена (dyed) - red
    руса - blond
    кестенява - brown
    рижа - natural red
    _______________________
    eye colours....
    сини - blue ;
    зелени - green;
    кафяви - brown;
    пъстри - with no colour determined ;
    черни - black

    hair - коса

    eyes - очи

    the hair colours end on "a" and the eye colours end on "i" because hair = feminine and eyes are plural
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  17. crazytofik's Avatar

    crazytofik said:

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    Nikoga ne sym vidql nikogo - triple negation :P I have never seen anybody
    София, Пловдив, Варна, Бургас, чалга до дупка - купона е при нас.
     
  18. LadyDiamond.дама диамант's Avatar

    LadyDiamond.дама диамант said:

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    Quote Originally Posted by crazytofik View Post
    Nikoga ne sym vidql nikogo - triple negation :P I have never seen anybody
    thats ovo said by a very clever new born baby..who was brought into the world not by a midwife but by a cartoon lion
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